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scollier — Sun, 09 Aug 2009 15:04:50 +0000

Ativan over the counter, Over the past few years Andy and I have been trying to find appropriate terms to describe a distinctive diagram of power that is concerned with the vulnerability of transportation and energy infrastructures, public health apparatuses, and webs of industrial production, to unpredictable and potentially catastrophic events. The diagram draws together diverse techniques and practices, such as vulnerability assessment, simulation, cataloguing of resources, enactment, Tennessee TN Tenn. , and preparedness planning, according to a normative rationality or strategic logic. We have provisionally used the term “vital systems” to refer to the central object of knowledge and target of intervention of this diagram of power. We see this diagram as distinct from – but related to – the problematic of the “population” central to apparatuses of security that Foucault described in Security, Territory, Population. The term “vital” is valuable in pointing to this relation, ativan online cheap, but our use needs further elaboration. It is frequently used by first-order observers in the domains we are examining, but is slippery: laden with associations both wanted and unwanted, ativan over the counter. So, in the interest of advancing conceptual work on the vital I wanted to open a discussion by: first, indicating how the observers in the fields we have been examining use it; second, outlining potential problems it raises; third, Alaska AK , through reference to Sloterdijk’s use of the concept of “the vital” in Terror from the Air on which Paul has posted recently (here, here, and here), pointing to a possible “mutation of the vital” that accompanies the emergence of the diagram of power we are describing.

Read more after the jump.

What is the “vital” in “vital systems”?

The reference to collections of heterogeneous elements such as webs of industrial production and transport and information infrastructures as “vital systems” can be traced back to the rise of total war, and specifically to the articulation of strategic bombing theory by military planners during and then after World War I, lowest price ativan. In strategic bombing theory, we see a new understanding of economic and social life: as a collection of vulnerable “vital” systems that could be made the target of attack. Ativan over the counter, The Italian air war theorist Douhet, thus, argued that air war should no longer focus on military equipment or the bodies of soldiers. Instead, it should focus on “the most vital, most vulnerable, Order ativan no rx, and least protected points of the enemy’s territory” – systems of industrial production, food supply, and so on, upon which all aspects of a war effort depended. Strategic bombing was elaborated in the U.S. during the interwar period. Key figures in the U.S, Wisconsin WI Wis. . Air Corps Tactical School sought to identify the targets that were crucial to a war effort, in particular through the theory of the “industrial web.” Air force officer Donald Wilson, a key proponent of this theory, wrote in 1938 that the modern economy was composed of “interrelated and entirely interdependent elements,” and that by attacking these “essential arteries,” or “organic essentials” of a society and economy it would be possible for a strategic bombing campaign to paralyze an enemy war effort (quoted in Faber 1997: 218, 219), ativan over the counter. It is evident – and I will return to this point – that Wilson was drawing on a prevalent contemporary understanding of the collectivity as a kind of organism, referring to infrastructures as the key elements that made the polity’s “life” possible. Industrial web theorists also articulated a new understanding of the United States as a collection of such vulnerable systems, noting that an enemy could easily attack “any targets of their choice in the vital industrial heart of our country (ibid: 194).

In the ensuing years, Ativan pills, the term “vital” continues to appear in a diversity of contexts that Andy and I have described in our article on “The Vulnerability of Vital Systems.” From civil defense and mobilization planning in the 1950s, to articulations of “total preparedness” in the 1960 and 1970s, to more recent discussions of concepts such as critical infrastructure protection, the “vital” designates infrastructures, production systems, and so on, that are critical to collective security and wellbeing, ativan online stores. A 1973 review of the work of the Office of Emergency Preparedness during the Nixon administration, thus, argued that “Along with readiness to meet any external threats to our national security, we must be continuously prepared to deal with internal problems that vitally affect our welfare and strength as a nation – natural disasters, fuel and energy shortages, North Dakota ND , spiraling inflation of wages and prices, and disruptions of transportation and other vital public services” (New Dimensions of Civil Emergency Preparedness: 1969 – 1973). Ativan over the counter, In 1985, James Woolsey and Robert Kupperman wrote of events that could disable “networks crucial to life support, economic stability, and national defense.” (Woolsey and Kupperman 1985) And Critical Foundations, a 1997 Presidential report that laid out the basic principles of critical infrastructure protection argued that “Reliable and secure infrastructures are … the foundation for creating the wealth of our nation and our quality of life as a people,” noting that “certain of our infrastructures are so vital that their incapacity or destruction would have a debilitating impact on our defense and economic security” (Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection 1997: 3).

Hesitations

Thus, we see that reference to the “vital” can be found in a range of texts and contexts that we have been examining to indicate certain systems of production, communication, transportation, and so on, Massachusetts MA Mass. , and a certain set of problems that have emerged historically in relation to these objects, concerning their vulnerability to catastrophic disruption, their criticality, etc. A question that immediately emerges is: how does this usage relate to other and perhaps more familiar reference domains of the word “vital”. Pharmacy ativan, What parts of those other meanings does it carry along with it. Etymologically, “vital” obviously relates to that which is connected to life. The word generally refers to that which is essential to life, ativan over the counter. In many early usages (in the 15^th or 16^th centuries) “vital” is not associated with what we now understand as the biological; indeed, it often refers to the spirit and is specifically opposed to mortal flesh. It was then attached to biological life, although with some variation of meaning and reference (thus the somewhat contrasting implications of, ativan pharmacy, on the one hand, “vital organs” or “vital statistics,” referring, respectively, to the individual body and the population as biological entities, Köpa billiga ativan, and, on the other hand, “vitalism” – which retains some of the spiritual reference of earlier usage).

So how was this word that first referred to the animating spirit and then came to refer to biology and to biological organisms subsequently used to describe electricity grids, industrial enterprises, or road networks. An obvious answer has to do with the 19^th and early 20^th century extension of organismic metaphors to new understandings of “society” as a single totality that was like an organism in that it had certain vital functions, cheap ativan without prescription, susceptibility to disease, certain predictable norms and patterns of pathology, and so on. Ativan over the counter, As is well known, this metaphor was widespread in projects ranging from social welfare to nationalism to eugenics to economic development. When we find reference to the “vital” in the theorists of strategic bombing, it is, Maine ME Me. , in part, such organismic metaphors that they have in mind – thus Donald Wilson’s reference to “essential arteries” and “organic essentials.” So here would seem to be arguments against using the word “vital” to describe what we are trying to designate: it is associated with a now-discredited extension of organismic metaphors to describe collective life, one that was often linked to rather nefarious projects; it is primarily associated with first spiritual and then biological definitions of life.

That said, I continue to find reference to the word vital quite rich and suggestive, and to suggest a set of connections – both conceptual and genealogical – that are not suggested by other obvious terms that also show up in first-order discourse such as “critical” or “essential.” Here, very briefly, kjøpe ativan, are a few reasons why.

First, the organismic reference is not the only one relevant to our first-order actors. There has been and continues to be a very widespread use of the “vital” in military contexts, which simply refers to issues that are strategically as opposed to tactically important, Order ativan online, and it was this military usage that, from strategic bombing to civil defense, was transferred to the description of the domestic economy in the context of total war. I wrote a blog post about this a couple years back when reading Churchill on civil defense during the Battle of Britain, ativan over the counter. There, he wrote of the “many thousands of ‘vulnerable points’ — bridges, power-stations, depots, cheapest ativan online, vital factories, and the like” that “had to be guarded day and night from sabotage or sudden onset.” For many of our “first order actors” this military reference domain is of central importance. Given the role of military developments in our story, “vital” nicely points to a crucial line of genealogical development.

Second, if organismic metaphors are explicit in the early theorists of strategic bombing, Acheter ativan discount, then they are markedly absent in more recent discussions. Thus, the clear implication of the Presidential report on critical infrastructures, cited above, is that these infrastructures are essential to life, but there is no hint of concern with the idea that the totality they comprise is “like” an organism in any way. In this sense, cheap ativan no prescription, if it is still “life” that is in question, it is individual life, a collection of living individuals, not the “life” of a collective in some mystical sense. Ativan over the counter, In this sense, rather than muddying our account by reference to an unacknowledged organicism, tracing the treatment of “vital systems” might show us how a problematic initially understood in terms of organismic metaphors was loosed from these metaphors and from the political projects with which they were associated. Certainly, Cheap ativan pills, as Andy and I showed in our article on “Distributed Preparedness,” this is crucial to the American story, where the emergence of a concern with the vulnerability of vital systems after World War II was linked to efforts to construct a model of the modern state that did not involve the “collectivism” of European or Soviet socialist variants. The problematic was: how could one protect the vital systems upon which life depends while preserving the traditions of individualism, local autonomy, and free enterprises that, for contemporaries, New Mexico NM N.Mex. , were key to the American political system?

That said – and this is a third point – despite discomfort with an organismic metaphor for describing the totality of collective life, it seems that there is something valuable about this reference to the historical scene in which these metaphors emerged. Organismic metaphors were, again, linked to a whole series of projects – social welfare, Maryland MD Md. , eugenics, and total war – in which “life” came to be understood not only in relationship to individual biology but to the entire series of relationships that constitute the social milieu, and that themselves became the objects of new kinds of knowledge and intervention. In this sense, the “vital” here indicates a more general relationship of our story to the history of biopolitics, through which, following Foucault, buy ativan, life and population became problems of government. Thus, in tracing out the changing reference of this term – from strategic bombing to civil defense and domestic preparedness for nuclear attack to a broader concern with preparedness for various kinds of future catastrophe – we might also be tracing a modulation of the vital, from something conceived as a biological organism in a natural environment to something that is necessarily linked to the socio-technical milieu of modern life.

Mutations of “Vital” – A Note on Sloterdijk

This modulation might be suggested in a very preliminary way by reading our claims about vital systems in relationship to Sloterdijk’s observations about the vital in Terror from the Air, ativan over the counter. Very briefly, Sloterdijk locates a critical moment of contemporary history in the emergence of chemical war during World War I. The distinctive feature of chemical war, he observes, Order ativan, is the “displacement of destructive action from the ‘system’ (here: the enemy’s body) onto his ‘environment’” (22). In attacking the environment, chemical war aims to disrupt “the enemy’s primary, ecologically dependent vital functions” by which he means the strictly biological problems of “respiration, central nervous regulation, and sustainable temperature and radiation conditions” (16). He is thus tracing the emergence of an “expanded zone of warfare” in which “the enemy became an object in the environment whose removal was vital to the system’s survival” (27). Ativan over the counter, Here we find a number of intriguing convergences as well as some striking distinctions with our work. The most obvious convergence is Sloterdijk’s observation concerning a shift from attack on the enemy’s body – the “system” – to the “environment” that is “vital” to life. As noted above, we have observed a parallel shift in strategic bombing theory from attacks on troops and military equipment to the “vital systems” of food supply, industrial production, and infrastructures that are essential to a total military effort, not least because the lives of troops depend on them. The striking difference is in how this “environment” is conceptualized in each case. Sloterdijk, it seems, has a naturalistic conception of the environment. It is the previously un-reflected upon (and, he seems to imply, rather implausibly, previously pure) air that surrounds us, ativan over the counter. But in our genealogical work, we have found that the environment that is increasingly “explicated” – and that becomes the target of military attack – during the 20^th century is comprised of a vast array of other systems: that is, self-consciously constituted, interdependent infrastructures and production facilities upon which life, in modern societies, depends. In this sense, it might be possible to write Sloterkijk’s history into the more general history of forms of knowledge and modalities of intervention concerned with the vulnerability of vital systems – both as objects of attack and as objects of protection or security.

Questions on Concept Work

In light of all this, here are a few questions that might be valuable to discuss: Are these associations of the vital with an organismic metaphor for collective life disqualifying. Or are they valuable in pointing to important lines of genealogical development and mutations of the vital. How does the identification of first-order concepts in a genealogical series relate to their use in an anthropology of the contemporary. How does this use of “vital” or “vital systems” compare to familiar concepts such as Foucault’s “population,” which was the object of apparatuses of “security”.

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scollier — Sun, 09 Aug 2009 14:57:30 +0000

Buy ativan, After some discussions in Berkeley, Paul, Gaymon and I have agreed that the time is right to try to reinvigorate concept work on this blog (whose named has been changed accordingly). Ostaa halvalla ativan, Those who have been associated with ARC for some time know that it has long been our goal to make more explicit and assign credit for kinds of intellectual work that do not fall into the usual genres of production for journal articles and books. Among these, Acheter en ligne ativan, Cheap ativan online, work on concepts is crucial, since concept development is both the precondition and the outcome of successful inquiry, købe ativan online. Ordering ativan online cheap, We will proceed by choosing selected concepts that have emerged out of our current projects on topics such as domestic preparedness in the United States, synthetic biology, Osta ativan online, Florida FL Fla. , ethics, and so on, buy cheap ativan online. Bestill ativan online, We are particularly interested in the way that concepts emerge from a certain field of inquiry, in the work that is done to formulate them, ordering ativan no rx, Billige ativan apotek, and in the way that they are then extended to have more general meaning and use. We will try to maintain a regular schedule of posting – about one per month – that we hope will spur serious exchange and critical discussion, and that will aim to improve our collective work on and use of concepts, buy ativan. Each post will be associated with a text that is of general interest (in other words, purchase ativan online, Acheter ativan, one that is not necessarily tied to a given topic of inquiry). If the exchanges prove fruitful, Oklahoma OK Okla. , Pennsylvania PA Penn. , we will turn them into more stable documents that can be transferred to the appropriate area of the web site.

The initial post will be on a concept that Andy and I have been thinking about in our work on domestic preparedness in the United States: the "vital" in "vital systems." In about a month Paul Rabinow and Gaymon Bennett will post on “political spirituality.” Although we have ideas for a number of posts after that, buy ativan no rx, Osta ativan, we invite your suggestions on future directions.

We thank you, order ativan cod, Oregon OR Ore. , in advance, for your participation in this new initiative, ordering ativan online legally. Köpa rabatterade ativan. Order ativan c.o.d.. Jotta ativan verkossa. Arizona AZ Ariz. . Kjøpe billig ativan.

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Christopher Kelty — Thu, 29 May 2008 19:26:39 +0000

Buy ativan cod, Whew. Kopen goedkope ativan, Pardon me while I blow the dust off this blog.

If anyone is still out there, acheter ativan discount, Pennsylvania PA Penn. , let me herewith announce another ARC Working Paper: no 12, "Responsibility: McKeon and Ricoeur" which is by me, cheap ativan online without prescription, Ativan pedido en línea, and is part of the project on nanotechnology. I'm keen to have any comments, cheap ativan no rx, Ordering ativan no prescription, suggestions, critiques etc.., buy ativan cod. Nevada NV Nev. , which can be posted here. please, buy ativan cod.

The initial animus for this paper was that I had written two long papers (soon to be published, bestill ativan online, Ativan online stores, I hope) detailing the work of the Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology, and in particular the ways in which it sought to make itself more "responsible" (sometimes, ativan prescription, North Carolina NC N.C. , more "ethical") by making responsibility more doable (Added July 6: And in this project, I was accompanied with inestimable help by Elise McCarthy), Om ativan online. Cheapest ativan, There was a lot of vague talk about responsibility, and I don't think anyone involved (except maybe me) has any stake in being philosophically precise about the term, παραγγείλετε online ativan. Ordering ativan no rx, However, it's clear that whatever they mean when they talk about responsibility it is not the same thing as what we generally mean by "moral responsibility" today, purchase ativan, Köpa billiga ativan, and hence there is a kind of conceptual reconstruction underway here, mediated by the tools and technologies through which CBEN and others in nanotechnology are becoming more and more concerned with safety, Washington WA Wash. , Comprar ativan, and especially what CBEN scientists call "safety by design." (If you want to read these papers, email me)

McKeon and Ricoeur are the only two 20th century philosophers I have found that have taken seriously an historical approach to the concept, pharmacy ativan, Osta ativan, locating its emergence in the late 18th c. and tracking the transformations in the debates about it, kjøpe billig ativan. South Carolina SC S.C. , Thus, this paper is a reading of these two pieces with an eye towards reconstructing responsibility in the wake of contemporary "emerging sciences and technologies" and the ways in which they, so to speak, live in the ruins of the fact/value distinction. There are potential overlaps here with thinking about Ewald, Beck and and Stephen's recent Economy and Society article, as well as on obvious opening to revisit our discussions about concept work, Dewey and Foucault...

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Christopher Kelty — Thu, 31 Jan 2008 02:05:05 +0000

Order klonopin no prescription, You may notice some changes here at ARC. Generic klonopin, At a recent meeting in Berkeley, we decided to end the phase of our little experiment that began roughly a year ago, order klonopin online. Florida FL Fla. , When we created a new website for ARC in December of 2006, the initial plan was to divide up conversations among several blogs, cheap klonopin from canada, Acquistare a buon mercato klonopin, each with a different focus. That experiment had some success--especially at the Vital Systems Security Blog and the Biopower and the Contemporary blog, order klonopin without prescription, New York NY N.Y. , both of which have attracted a lot of discussion.

The other blogs (Concept Work, buy cheap klonopin, Rhode Island RI R.I. , UC Berkeley Lab Notes, ARC News, buy klonopin cheap, Klonopin pharmacy, and On The Assembly of Things), have all served different purposes, ordering klonopin no prescription, Ordering klonopin overnight delivery, but we decided that in the interests of creating as much virtual coherence and focus as possible that we should flow all these turbulent streams into a few large tributaries. To wit, I have just merged all of the postings from these other blogs into Biopower and the Contemporary (all but the last, On the Assembly of Things, for which there are New Big Plans), which will serve henceforth as The Voice Of ARC--insofar as it has a voice, multiple, creative, and hopefully expanding, order klonopin no prescription.

As might be expected, buy klonopin online, Comprar en línea klonopin, any blog with the word "biopower" in it is likely to attract some attention, and it seemed to those of us (Paul, Indiana IN Ind. , New Jersey NJ N.J. , Stephen, Anthony, buy klonopin online, Georgia GA Ga. , Andrew, Gaymon, klonopin en ligne afin, Buy klonopin no rx, Colin, and others) that we should take advantage of this, acheter klonopin bon marché. För klonopin online, Hence, the discussions that Stephen, αγοράζουν φτηνά klonopin, Kjøpe billig klonopin, Tobias and Colin so helpfully initiated under the title of "Concept Work" will hopefully continue here, along side the more ephemeral updates and asides.

One housekeeping issue: I want to encourage everyone to use this forum to post things related to ARC and its many and various instantiations. For those of you who were posting at one of these various blogs, and want to continue to do so, contact me (ckelty@rice.edu) to update your account.

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stavrianakis — Thu, 08 Nov 2007 00:45:30 +0000

Buy klonopin no prescription, So Lyle had a great insight relative to our conversation yesterday regarding the diagnostic and our argument relative to the reworking of the biopolitical. In October 2007, where to buy cheap klonopin, Klonopin without prescription, the Berkeley Human Practices Lab had a meeting at LBNL with scientists from the Keasling Lab and teleconferenced with the Endy Lab at MIT and the MIT Human Practices policy representative. In this discussion PR made a tripartite distinction between safety, goedkope klonopin apotheek, New Mexico NM N.Mex. , security and preparedness. Some way through the presentation a certain nervousness (bizarrely) with precision in concepts was made apparent as one of the MIT folks, buy klonopin online cheap, Comprar klonopin, rehearsing a point made by a Swiss Science and Society policy wonk, suggested that there is no need to be precise about the distinction as in German safety and security are subsumed under the same term, købe klonopin online. Buy klonopin, This was echoed by others in the room wanting to know how these distinctions could be operationalized into first order deliverables. After the session, one of the postdocs came up to me and suggested that in biology, â€œpreciseâ€ has technical meaning that is different from â€œaccurateâ€, buy klonopin no prescription. Precise means using the same method of measurement in all your experiments His point was to suggest that we need to be accurate, order klonopin pills, Klonopin sale, and not precise per se. I reply that statements about the world may turn out not to be accurate, cheapest klonopin, Cheap klonopin online, but if your measurement methods (distinctions / metrics) are appropriate then you can remediate your statements about the world. By having an appropriate metric, generic klonopin, Om klonopin online, you can mark distinctiveness as well as mark patterns.
The distinction between precision and accuracy can be usefully mapped onto our discussion about biopolitical equipment and the utility of the diagnostic, klonopin ordine on-line. Buy klonopin no prescription, As we noted, the figure of biopolitical equipment in the diagnostic is not meant to be a claim about any actual object in the world. Billige klonopin apotek, Rather, it is an ideal-type that enables the user to make distinctions and discover patterns with precision, kopen goedkope klonopin. Wisconsin WI Wis. , By making this distinction, we can avoid the trap of endless debate about what biopolitics â€œreally isâ€ (and the proliferation of claims about this), bestill klonopin online. Ostaa halvalla klonopin, Rather than arguing about whether the diagnostic represents biopolitics â€œin truthâ€ or accurately, we can discuss whether it is appropriate to our materials, Nevada NV Nev. . Pharmacie klonopin bon marché, In this sense then we return to Jeromeâ€™s conundrum, how does one choose who gets put through the diagnostic machine, South Dakota SD . Iowa IA , As he suggests, hopefully it is not just so as to make the diagnostic work, Utah UT , but rather that you can use the precision in distinctions in order to work over relations. The relations you are trying to describe do not exist within the diagnostic, as such this points us to the â€œoutsideâ€ of the diagnsitic, where the distinctions made through the diagnostic can orient inquiry but cannot describe these relations as they exist outside of it.

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marymurrell — Tue, 20 Mar 2007 15:18:22 +0000

Further to my earlier post Buy clomid online cheap, : a group of us met yesterday (those who could make the very short-notice meeting). Hawaii HI , Because we could decide only so much with a minority of us there and with limited time, it was decided that we would begin with readings and try to work then toward a structure, Kaufen clomid, Buy clomid online, rather than begin with a structure and work toward the readings. Mattias has begun a wiki page on the ARC wiki, Arkansas AR Ark. , Order clomid online, to which each of us need add two readings, with an explanation of why you think it should be included, Texas TX Tex. . Kjøpe clomid online, Please include bibliographical information, and page numbers for your selections, billiga clomid apotek. Lowest price clomid, Comments should be added through the "discussion" function of the wiki. You all might want to click "watch this page" on the syllabus project page so that you know when someone has added something, buy clomid online cheap. We already have three or four people's suggestions (thanks to those folks), buy clomid online cheap. Koop korting clomid, Given this development, I'd like to suggest a new plan from the one above:

1, cheap clomid without prescription. Illinois IL Ill. , Everyone post his or her suggestions within the next few days.
2, Om clomid online. Buy clomid online cheap, Second face-to-face meeting will be the week after spring break (not the week of April 15). Order clomid overnight delivery, During this meeting, we will discuss structure again and then decide on our next step, buy generic clomid. Colorado CO Colo. , For this meeting everyone should review everyone else's suggestions and comment on them. We need to find a time when as many of us can come as possible, Nebraska NE Nebr. . Købe clomid online, To that end, I'm proposing that we meet at my house for an "anthropological salon, clomid en ligne afin, αγοράζουν φτηνά clomid, " Friday, April 6, buy clomid online, Clomid prescription, at 5:30. I live straight down College Avenue in Rockridge, buy clomid online cheap.
3, buy clomid no prescription. Ordering clomid online cheap, But, if that isn't convenient, I've also made a "shared calendar" page on the wiki, which is no calendar but just a list of days of the week next to which I ask that everyone write the times they are always unavailable. From that we can determine in fact if there is any time when we are all free. I'm not sure there is.

Onward.